Swine – A generic term for all pigs, hogs, etc.
Gilt – A young female swine, generally under 12 months of age, who has not yet farrowed.
Sow – A mature female swine, generally 10+ months of age, who has farrowed at least one litter.
Boar – An intact male swine.
Barrow – A castrated male swine.
Pig – A very young swine. In layman’s terms this would be a “piglet” but that term is rarely used by producers. Can also be a term of endearment for older swine. “She’s a good ‘ol pig.”
Hog – An older swine, usually over about 120 pounds live weight.
Shoat – A young swine, usually between weaning and about 120 pounds live weight.
Weaner – A young swine at and during the point of weaning.
Feeder – A young swine usually between 40 and 70 pounds live weight that is being sold, bought, or held to be fed out to market weight.
Finisher – An older swine, usually over about 150 pounds live weight; one that is in the finishing stage of its growth, nearing market weight.
Market Hog – A hog that’s ready to be processed into pork or sent “to market”. The ideal market weight for hogs changes with pork demand and industry technology (among other things.) Usually market hogs weigh between 230 and 270 pounds live.
Bred – Pregnant. Usually used to preface the appropriate word for a particular female swine. “Bred Gilt” or “Bred Sow”, depending on her age and stage of life.
Open – Used to preface the appropriate term to refer to a female swine that is not currently bred. “Open Gilt” or “Open Sow”, for example.
Farrow – As a noun it refers to a litter of newborn pigs, as a verb it is used to describe the act of giving birth.
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